NF T51-073：塑料.防火性能.煙密度測試法
NF T51-073：Plastics. Reaction to fire. Test method to measure the density of smoke.
Abstract摘要
The small-scale smoke testing apparatus now proposed as a standard in France under the designation NF–T51–073 measures the total obscuration from a stream of smoke generated from a small sample. Although like other small-scale fire tests, it is not claimed to be of relevance to real fire situations, it is possible by varying the temperature over a wide range (200–900°C) to obtain a plot of specific optical density for various materials which broadly corresponds with general experience and certain other smoke tests.
The plots show that nearly all flammable substances give a rapid rise in smoke opacity in the 350–500°C region above which there is always a steep drop sometimes to smoke densities of virtually zero. Apart from one or two synthetic materials which show a very low smoke density through-out, there is no general trend as between natural and synthetic substances. Oxygen depletion which often occurs in a real fire situation has some effect on the smoke density but it is not a major one. On the other hand, in some cases reheating the smoke can have quite a dramatic effect, due very probably to further pyrolysis and combustion.
The small-scale smoke testing apparatus now proposed as a standard in France under the designation NF–T51–073 measures the total obscuration from a stream of smoke generated from a small sample. Although like other small-scale fire tests, it is not claimed to be of relevance to real fire situations, it is possible by varying the temperature over a wide range (200–900°C) to obtain a plot of specific optical density for various materials which broadly corresponds with general experience and certain other smoke tests.
The plots show that nearly all flammable substances give a rapid rise in smoke opacity in the 350–500°C region above which there is always a steep drop sometimes to smoke densities of virtually zero. Apart from one or two synthetic materials which show a very low smoke density through-out, there is no general trend as between natural and synthetic substances. Oxygen depletion which often occurs in a real fire situation has some effect on the smoke density but it is not a major one. On the other hand, in some cases reheating the smoke can have quite a dramatic effect, due very probably to further pyrolysis and combustion.
