ASTM E1226 Standard Test Method for Explosibility of Dust Clouds
ASTM E1226可燃粉塵用壓力和壓力提高率的標準試驗方法
This test method provides a procedure for performing laboratory tests to evaluate deflagration parameters of dusts.
The data developed by this test method may be used for the purpose of sizing deflagration vents in conjunction with the nomographs published in NFPA 68, ISO 6184/1, or VDI 3673.
The values obtained by this testing technique are specific to the sample tested and the method used and are not to be considered intrinsic material constants.
For hard-to-ignite dusts with low KSt-values, a very strong ignitor may overdrive a 20-L chamber, as discussed in E1515 and Ref 2. If a dust has measurable (nonzero) Pmax- and KSt-values with a 5000 or 10 000-J ignitor but not with a 2500-J ignitor in a 20-L chamber, this may be an overdriven system. In this case, it is recommended that the dust be tested with a 10 000-J ignitor in a larger chamber such as a 1-m3 chamber to determine if it is actually explosible.
1. Scope
1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this test method is to provide standard test methods for characterizing the “explosibility” of dust clouds in two ways, first by determining if a dust is “explosible,” meaning a cloud of dust dispersed in air is capable of propagating a deflagration; or, if explosible, determining the degree of “explosibility,” meaning the potential explosion hazard of a dust cloud as characterized by the dust explosibility parameters, maximum explosion pressure, Pmax ; maximum rate of pressure rise, (dP/dt)max; and explosibility index, KSt.
1.2 Limitations. Results obtained by the application of the methods of this standard pertain only to certain combustion characteristics of dispersed dust clouds. No inference should be drawn from such results relating to the combustion characteristics of dusts in other forms or conditions (e.g., ignition temperature or spark ignition energy of dust clouds, ignition properties of dust layers on hot surfaces, ignition of bulk dust in heated environments, etc.)
1.3 Use. It is intended that results obtained by application of this test be used as elements of an explosion risk assessment that takes into account other pertinent risk factors; and in the specification of explosion prevention systems (see, for example NFPA 68, NFPA 69, and NFPA 654) when used in conjunction with approved or recognized design methods by those skilled in the art.
Note 1—Historically, the evaluation of the deflagration parameters of maximum pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise has been done using a 1.2-L Hartmann Apparatus. Test Method E789, which describes this method, has been withdrawn. The use of data obtained from the test method in the design of explosion protection systems is not recommended.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)
ASTM Standards
D3173 Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
D3175 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
E789 Test Method for Dust Explosions in a 1.2-Litre Closed Cylindrical Vessel
E1445 Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals
E1515 Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentration of Combustible Dusts
NFPA Publication
NFPA654 Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids
VDI Standard
VDI-3673 Pressure Release of Dust Explosions
ISO Standard
ISO6184/1 Explosion Protection Systems, Part 1, Determination of Explosion Indices of Combustible Dusts in Air
Index Terms
dust explosion; explosion pressure; Deflagration parameters; Dust ignition/explosion; Homogeneity; Ignition--rubber/cellular materials; Pressure testing; Temperature tests; Turbulence;
ASTM E1226可燃粉塵用壓力和壓力提高率的標準試驗方法
This test method provides a procedure for performing laboratory tests to evaluate deflagration parameters of dusts.
The data developed by this test method may be used for the purpose of sizing deflagration vents in conjunction with the nomographs published in NFPA 68, ISO 6184/1, or VDI 3673.
The values obtained by this testing technique are specific to the sample tested and the method used and are not to be considered intrinsic material constants.
For hard-to-ignite dusts with low KSt-values, a very strong ignitor may overdrive a 20-L chamber, as discussed in E1515 and Ref 2. If a dust has measurable (nonzero) Pmax- and KSt-values with a 5000 or 10 000-J ignitor but not with a 2500-J ignitor in a 20-L chamber, this may be an overdriven system. In this case, it is recommended that the dust be tested with a 10 000-J ignitor in a larger chamber such as a 1-m3 chamber to determine if it is actually explosible.
1. Scope
1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this test method is to provide standard test methods for characterizing the “explosibility” of dust clouds in two ways, first by determining if a dust is “explosible,” meaning a cloud of dust dispersed in air is capable of propagating a deflagration; or, if explosible, determining the degree of “explosibility,” meaning the potential explosion hazard of a dust cloud as characterized by the dust explosibility parameters, maximum explosion pressure, Pmax ; maximum rate of pressure rise, (dP/dt)max; and explosibility index, KSt.
1.2 Limitations. Results obtained by the application of the methods of this standard pertain only to certain combustion characteristics of dispersed dust clouds. No inference should be drawn from such results relating to the combustion characteristics of dusts in other forms or conditions (e.g., ignition temperature or spark ignition energy of dust clouds, ignition properties of dust layers on hot surfaces, ignition of bulk dust in heated environments, etc.)
1.3 Use. It is intended that results obtained by application of this test be used as elements of an explosion risk assessment that takes into account other pertinent risk factors; and in the specification of explosion prevention systems (see, for example NFPA 68, NFPA 69, and NFPA 654) when used in conjunction with approved or recognized design methods by those skilled in the art.
Note 1—Historically, the evaluation of the deflagration parameters of maximum pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise has been done using a 1.2-L Hartmann Apparatus. Test Method E789, which describes this method, has been withdrawn. The use of data obtained from the test method in the design of explosion protection systems is not recommended.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)
ASTM Standards
D3173 Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
D3175 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
E789 Test Method for Dust Explosions in a 1.2-Litre Closed Cylindrical Vessel
E1445 Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals
E1515 Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentration of Combustible Dusts
NFPA Publication
NFPA654 Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids
VDI Standard
VDI-3673 Pressure Release of Dust Explosions
ISO Standard
ISO6184/1 Explosion Protection Systems, Part 1, Determination of Explosion Indices of Combustible Dusts in Air
Index Terms
dust explosion; explosion pressure; Deflagration parameters; Dust ignition/explosion; Homogeneity; Ignition--rubber/cellular materials; Pressure testing; Temperature tests; Turbulence;
